WBC (white blood cell count)

Reference ranges

Optimal ranges are tighter than standard lab ranges and reflect functional-medicine targets, not the populations they were derived from. Reference bands depend on sex, age, and circumstance — Juno's lab analysis layers your profile context onto the printed range when you paste a value.

Peptide relevance

Total white blood cell count — combined neutrophils, lymphocytes, monocytes, eosinophils, basophils. Always interpret alongside the WBC differential (separate report on a CBC). Elevated WBC: infection, acute inflammation, stress response, leukemia, recent intense exercise. Low WBC: viral infection, bone marrow suppression, autoimmune disease, certain medications. NORMAL is a wide range — within that range, lower is often better (chronic low-grade inflammation can drive the upper end of normal). No direct peptide effects in common stacks. BPC-157 has documented immunomodulatory effects in animal models — could shift WBC subset distribution; not consistently demonstrated in humans. KEY CAVEAT: WBC of 4-5 K/μL is functional optimal; values >8-9 chronically suggest inflammation worth investigating.

Peptides that influence this marker

Documented to affect this marker. Click through for the full evidence-tiered profile.

• Tier 3 — Animal / in vitroLL-37→ normal· 4–6 weeks
  Antimicrobial peptide

  Normalization of WBC differential during active infection — a proxy, not a direct action marker. No LL-37-specific assay is routinely available.